Case Note -The United States vs. Hilton Hotel Corporation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1924 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Hilton Hotels Corporation et al., Defendants, western International Hotels Company, Defendant-appellant Facts The case of The United States vs. Hilton Hotel Corporation focuses on the inherent actions of the Hilton Head Corporation. The Hilton head corporation was accused of violating the Sherman Act of 1980 which was formulated to ban monopolistic practices among organizations and to protect the inherent opportunity of free trade among organizations (Epstein, 2009). Hilton Head Corporation was accused of violating this act based on the actions of the organizations heads of staff and lesser employees in Portland, Oregon. Operators of various entities in the city which included Hotel operators, restaurants as well as owners of Supply chain companies gathered in an effort to attract business conventions to the city. Financing for this endeavor included contributions that were to be submitted by members of the fo rmed group. Contributions were based on predetermined amounts. Hilton Head , as a apart of the agreement among the group ruled that those entities that participated would receive preferential treatment and those that did not would be boycotted. The basis for the case served upon violation of the Sherman Act and its principles. The Sherman Act of 1980, in relation to those involved, was formed as a law for Antitrust. Under the act, free uninhibited competition is protected as a rule of trade. The Hilton Head International Hotel Company was accused of hindering free trade as the agreement among Appellant and others would inhibit free competition as those entities of hotel supply that did not participate would be boycotted. The act also covers any attempt of monopolization that could occur due to agreements made by organizations. Throughout the case the apparent evidence where trade restraint occurred without a reasonable doubt were difficult to discover based on the evidence. An im portant part of the case was also the Hotels intention. If the hotel intentionally formed alliances with other businesses with an intention other than the initial presented by the companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ boards, then the firm could be found guilty under the basis of the Sherman Act. Coercion and Scope of employment also play a key role in the case as supplier involved participated due to wanting to maintain relationships that were conducive to a profitable business, thus the appearance of being coerced. Employees also go on the record, during trial, of saying to various suppliers that they should participate so that they would not lose large amounts of business. This evidence which came in the form of testimony by employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proved to be invalid due to directions given by heads of the Hilton Corporation to not participate in eth boycott and continue ordering from those that do not participate in the mulit-operator agreement. A direct agent of the Appellant was noted on record to have reported to suppliers about the loss of business which brought about the question of employers being held liable for the actions of employees under the Sherman Act of 1980. Issue Should the employer be held liable for the actions of an employee held under the Sherman Act of 1980 that were against corporate policy and not authorized by the employer? Decision Ruling for the case was affirmed as evidence provided was sufficient in holding the employer liable for the acts of the agent. Section II The court ruling of the case was fair under the following circumstances: the inherent act of the employee, specifics under the Sherman Act of 1980 along with company policy and responsibility of the organization. Initially the court ruling for the case was affirmed in that it preceded with the ruling that was given to Hilton Head Corporation by the lower court. The act of the employee comes into question due to the notion of liability among corpora te officers and directors. Under Corporate Office Doctrine, a court can impose liability (criminal) on an individual that is considered a corporate officer regardless if they actively participated or even had knowledge of the criminal violation (Miller Gentz, 2010). This is the issue with Hilton head Corporation. An agent of the corporation, who held a supervisory position, was noted to tell suppliers that that a loss of business would occur should they not decide to contribute to the association. The agent, according to Hilton Head Corporation, however was notified by an individual of higher authority to not participate in the boycott and to continue to order from suppliers even though they did not participate in the association. The employee then found it necessary to behave on their own merit and proceed to inform certain supplier of the potential loss of business due to non à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"participation. The court, in this instance was correct to hold the employer liable f or the actions of the employee despite Hilton Corporation insinuating that the employee was obliged to do differently. Criminal liability can be imposed upon a business entity for acts or omissions of said firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that perform in the course and scope of their employment (New York Central Hudson R. R. Co. v. United States, 1909). The employee, as a result of their own behavior does not benefit oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s self but instead benefits the corporation as a whole in ways included but not limited to: increased profit for the organization and proposed elimination of the competition. Due to this, the corporation of Hilton is and can be held liable for the actions of their employees as it is the corporation that will profit from the specific illegal activity mentioned and not the agent. Secondly, the Appellant is held liable due to specifics under the Sherman Act of 1980 along with company policy. Under the Antitrust Act, it is illegal for a contract or even a combination of the form to be utilized for the restraining of trade or commerce. Monopolization or any attempt thereof to gain a footing in trade or commerce is also illegal (Sherman Act, July 2, 1890, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C.1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"7). Though the Hilton Corporation claimed that the direct goal of the association formed among various entities in the community was to gain customers through conventions, the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s agents proved otherwise. The deliberate statements of agents to non-participating suppliers did not aid in the stance Hilton Corporation was attempting to take during proceedings. Being that the goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act is to protect the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choice, the Hilton Corporation denied that ideal and thus violated the act. The case notes that formulation of the association was indeed not a tactic to meet a business objective but more or less a combined effort of those in the local hospital ity business to press on to suppliers who failed to contribute to the association. Company policy of Hilton Corporation as stated in the case is that the hotel is obliged to purchase from suppliers based on three fundamental entities. Those entities are price, quality, and service of the supplier. Judgment of purchase from a supplier based on anything other than mentioned is a direct violation of corporate policy. The purchasing agent who acted on his own merit not only aided in condoning acts that were against the Sherman Act of 1980 but also Hilton Head corporate policy. It is noted that a violation of the Sherman Act only occurs if price, quality and service is affected by the decision of a company or an agent. Acts of the purchasing agent, should suppliers comply would have directly affected price in that preferential treatment would have been given to those that participated in the association. Finally, the Appellant is held liable due to the responsibility of the organizati on. Under corporate doctrine, businesses must exhibit responsibility in terms of the actions of firm employees. This is due to the relationship that corporate officers hold with an organization. Corporate officers by law are obliged to know the conduct and whereabouts of employees as the officer themselves have the power to prevent proposed violations that might occur. A prime example of this is the case, United States vs. Park (1975). In this case, The CEO of a rather large grocery store chain was held liable for violations directly committed by corporate warehouses. Corporate warehouses of the grocery store chain violated FDA regulations as they contained food which exposed to rodent contamination. Though the violation was not committed directly by the CEO, the individual is still liable as he was in the authoritative position to cease the wrongdoing that occurred in the warehouse. Since this case, corporate officers have been held responsible for the acti0ons of their employees, hence the ruling of the United States vs. Hilton Head. The purchasing agent of Hilton head was stated to be acting within the course and scope of their employment. Course and scope of employment entails the behavior that an employer directly expects of an employee as part of their specific job duties (Morisette, 2012). This also entails the basic of the employees job description, normal conduct of the individual performing the job as well as conduct during normal business hours. The behavior exhibited from the agent was assumed to be normal behavior even though it went against what corporate officers obligated the agent to do. Even still, the corporate officers were still held of the responsibility of making sure employees followed directions given as it as well in the corporate officers power. The case of The United States vs. Hilton Hotel Corporation focuses on the inherent actions of the Hilton Head Corporation. The Hilton head corporation was accused of violating the Sherm an Act of 1980 which was formulated to ban monopolistic practices among organizations and to protect the inherent opportunity of free trade among organizations. Hilton Head Corporation was accused of violating this act based on the actions of the organizations heads of staff and lesser employees in Portland, Oregon. Operators of various entities in the city which included Hotel operators, restaurants as well as owners of Supply chain companies gathered in an assumed effort to attract business conventions to the city. Financing for this endeavor included contributions that were to be submitted by members of the formed group. Contributions were based on predetermined amounts. Hilton Head , as a apart of the agreement among the group ruled that those entities that participated would receive preferential treatment and those that did not would be boycotted. The ruling of affirmed that was decided for the case of the United States vs. Hilton Head was fair in that it held the corporatio n liable for the act of the Purchasing agent. The ruling for the case is an attempt to hold the corporations liable for the acts of their employees. This is due to the notion that companies are responsible for educating their employees in a way where they are knowledgeable about company and industry specific standards. A form of accountability has been offered by the ruling of the case. Accountability needs to be exhibited by employers when employees actions are in the employees course and scope of employment, during company time, and the conduct is not outside of the employees normal conduct. References Miller, R., Jentz, G. (2010). Fundamentals of Business Law. Summarized Cases. 8th Ed. Mason: Cengage Learning. Sherman Act, July 2, 1890, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C.1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"7 New York Central Hudson R. R. Co. v. United States, 212 U.S. 481, 29 S.Ct. 304, 53 L.Ed. 613 (1909) United States v. Park, 421 U.S. 658 (1975) Morissette, E.. (2012).Personal Injury and the Law of Torts for Paralegals. Frederick: Wolters Kluver Law Business ,. Epstein, R. A. (2009). Monopolization follies: The dangers of structural remedies under section 2 of the sherman act.Antitrust Law Journal,76(1), 205-237. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/89220456?accountid=158586 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Note -The United States vs. Hilton Hotel Corporation" essay for you Create order

Argumentative Essay Mad - 1966 Words

Crazy. Insane. Mad. Deranged. Cooky. Nuts. Psycho. Lunatic. Neurotic. Whether someone would like to admit it or not, they’ve probably used one of these words to describe someone, playfully or not. By doing so, they are fueling a stigma that could not only impact someone’s perception of a serious illness, they may also have an indirect impact on their own financials. Ignorance obstructs proper treatment of mental illnesses that will inadvertently raise taxes for each American citizen and trickle down to every aspect of our lives. We consider things like cancer- which is estimated to develop in 40% of the population, drunk driving- that makes up 31% of traffic-related deaths, and homicides that involved a gun- approximately 26%, as major issues that deserve a solution. At 12.6%, suicide is the 10th leading cause of deaths in America, yet we see it as this dirty and shameful secret that shouldn’t be brought up. Ironic since a staggering one-fourth of the United States population is adorned with some sort of mental illness. (Side note: I am not sure how to cite these without it being overdone). Affected people are told to â€Å"get over it† or to â€Å"just eat right and exercise† to cure their illness, because they do not see it for what it is- an illness. We do not tell cancer patients to â€Å"get more sleep† or those who have been hit by drunk driver to â€Å"just get out and smile more,† so why is it appropriate to tell a person with a physical chemical imbalance in their brain to do moreShow MoreRelatedCriticism on George Orwells 1984869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Madness of the Last Man Madness is a label created by society in order to imprison its dreamers. It is often usual to lock up critics of cruel commands, because creative people can be dangerous to totalitarian control. The critical essay â€Å"George Orwell and the Mad World: The Anti-Universe of 1984† by Ralph A. 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Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Free Essays

string(130) " was raised to the peerage, taking her seat in the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire\." Margaret Thatcher Rt. Hon. Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven L. We will write a custom essay sample on Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher or any similar topic only for you Order Now G. , O. M. , F. R. S. Official booklet to mark the unveiling on 21st February 2007 of the bronze statue of Baroness Thatcher sculpted by Antony Dufort for the House of Commons. Edited by Malcolm Hay, Curator of Works of Art, Palace of Westminster. Clay for the portrait head of Margaret Thatcher, June 2005 (Photo: Antony Dufort) â€Å"This historic commission is a very fitting way to remember Margaret Thatcher’s time in the House of Commons and I am very pleased to welcome the statue joining those of the other Prime Ministers of the 20th Century in Members’ Lobby. Rt. Hon. Michael Martin MP Speaker of the House of Commons Baroness Thatcher is the latest 20th Century Prime Minister to be represented in Members’ Lobby immediately outside the House of Commons Debating Chamber. This over life-size bronze statue by Antony Dufort recognises her contribution to British politics during her three terms of office as premier and records her rightful place in parliamentary history as the United Kingdom’s first woman Prime Minister. Her statue looks towards the doors of the Commons Chamber, facing that of Sir Winston Churchill by Oscar Nemon, which since the late 1960s has stood sentinel to this historic Chamber, its foot touched in the early years for good luck by Tory Members before giving speeches in the Chamber and more recently by all those visiting the House. Since then, statues of David Lloyd George and Clement Attlee have been added to this historic space, together with busts of James Ramsay MacDonald, Harold Wilson, James Callaghan, Edward Heath, Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan, Stanley Baldwin and Alec Douglas-Home. Above and right Antony Dufort and Baroness Thatcher at the sitting on 28 May 2004 (Photos: Matthew Tugwell) The Parliamentary Art Collection of the House of Commons includes many painted and sculpted images of parliamentarians over the centuries, widely dispersed throughout the buildings of the Parliamentary Estate. Portraits of Prime Ministers line the Committee Corridor of the Victorian building, with more recent figures joining the House’s contemporary collection which is on display in Portcullis House. Members’ Lobby was chosen to display sculptures of Prime Ministers of the 20th Century, because of its pre-eminence as the portal to the Debating Chamber, the centre of political life. Both interiors were rebuilt during the late 1940s by the architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott after the original Victorian Chamber and Lobby of the 1850s were destroyed by enemy action during the Second World War. Commissioning the Statue The bronze statue was commissioned from the sculptor Antony Dufort in 2003 by the Speaker’s Advisory Committee on Works of Art, under the then chairmanship of Tony Banks MP It was . greed that Margaret Thatcher would be represented during her last term of office, 1987 – 1990, with the sculptor working from historic material as well as being given sittings from life. The current Chairman, and former Deputy Chairman, Hugo Swire MP and Members , of the Committee have overseen this project since 2005. â€Å"This is a very significant commission for the House of Commons. It is entirely appropriate that Margaret Thatcher’s premiership has been recorded in this way for future visitors to the House. I think the way in which Antony Dufort has succeeded in showing her mid-debate will strike a chord with all those – from all sides of the political divide who remember her oratory. I share Tony Banks’s view that history demanded this commission. I am only sad that he did not live to see the finished statue. † Hugo Swire MP Above Antony Dufort and Tony Banks MP after the committee meeting in Portcullis House where the preliminary design for the statue was selected The sculptor enlarges the full size clay of Baroness Thatcher from the half-size maquette, using a 3D ‘Pantograph’ (Photo: Antony Dufort) Upper torso of the completed full-size clay figure, 30 September 2006 (Photo: Antony Dufort) The Works of Art Committee is responsible for all aspects of the Parliamentary Art Collection, and follows an active policy of commissioning portraits in order to keep the Collection up to date. Efforts are also made to fill gaps in the historical collection where notable parliamentarians from the past are not represented. The management of the Collection is undertaken by a dedicated team of professional curators, led by Malcolm Hay, who support the Committee in their work. The Parliamentary Art Collection already includes a number of images of Margaret Thatcher. During the 1990s a marble statue was commissioned by the Committee from the sculptor Neil Simmons, but regrettably this was damaged shortly after completion, when the head was vandalised. It was successfully repaired and is on public view at the Guildhall Art Gallery in London. Other representations of Margaret Thatcher within the Collection include portraits by Henry Mee and Ruskin Spear, one of the Spitting Image latex puppets by Fluck and Law, and a photograph by Jane Bown. Above Margaret Thatcher’s last speech in the House, 22 November 1990 (Parliamentary Copyright) Photograph of Margaret Thatcher by Jane Bown (Copyright: Jane Bown) Margaret Thatcher’s years as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher served three continuous terms as Prime Minister, between 1979 and 1990. She is the Country’s longest-serving premier since Lord Salisbury. Her radical economic policies and robust approach to politics were branded ‘Thatcherism’ and became widely influential both at home and abroad. She placed great importance on fostering Britain’s historic links with the English-speaking peoples of the World, and nurtured the ‘special relationship’ with the United States. At a time when there was general acceptance that Britain’s power was diminishing following the end of Empire, she worked hard to raise the profile of the United Kingdom on the World stage. Her success in defending the Falkland Islands against Argentinian aggression in 1982 won In 1992 she was raised to the peerage, taking her seat in the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven in the County of Lincolnshire. You read "Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher" in category "Papers" In 1995 she was raised to the Order of the Garter. her great praise. She is credited with bringing about the Country’s economic recovery and with breaking many of the restrictive working practices of the past. The Country underwent significant change during her premiership. However, strong views and robust politics brought out a mixture of both positive and negative reactions in people, and in 1990, despite an unbroken line of three election successes, divisions within her own party mirrored the rising discontent within the Country. She resigned in 1990 after a leadership election. Antony Dufort – the designing and making of the statue â€Å"Creating the statue was an enormous but fascinating challenge. I already had considerable experience of making large freestanding sculptures to go outside, such as my ‘Fast bowler’ for the MCC at Lord’s Ground, and the Tribute sculpture ‘Testing for Gas’ for the Coal Miners and Collieries of the Nottinghamshire Coalfields at Silverhill near Mansfield. But the context of the House of Commons statue was particularly complex. Not only would it have to complement the scale and style of the Above Mould maker Liz Turner peels back the silicon rubber inner layer of the mould. This ‘intermediate’ mould is used to make a wax replica of the sculpture, as part of the ‘lost wax’ casting process (Photo: Antony Dufort) three existing bronze statues of Prime Ministers in the Lobby, but also stand up to the scrutiny of Members as they passed it each working day. Moreover here was a sitter whose appearance the whole world felt they knew, though most had never met her. Finally, this was the first statue of a female Prime Minister, and there was no precedent to follow. However for me, Oscar Nemon’s splendid sculpture of Winston Churchill set a standard to emulate. † During Late May and early June 2004, the sculptor was given three sittings with Baroness Thatcher. These took place in the River Room of the Lord Chancellor’s Residence in the House of Lords. â€Å"Baroness Thatcher chatted to her assistant Gillian Penrose while I sculpted her. This let me see her face in animation– vital for giving the sculpture a feeling of life. Her conversation was an intriguing mixture of reminiscence, observation, authority, seriousness and humour, which gave me a powerful impression of the many sides of her character. † â€Å"In the breaks from modelling we discussed my preliminary designs and a range of photographs showing her speaking, including stills from her famous last speech to the Commons on 22 November 1990. She preferred those with â€Å"intensity†, which showed her â€Å"concentrating on getting the message across†. When I pointed out the hint of humour in the corner of her mouth, Above At the foundry wax worker Dorota Rapacz removes the silicon rubber mould from the wax cast of the head and shoulders (Photo: Antony Dufort) The separate sections of the hollow wax replica are assembled at the foundry to ensure a good fit. Dorota Rapacz prepares to ‘weld’ the seams, 23 October 2006 (Photo: Antony Dufort) she explained the necessity of not just dominating the audience but â€Å"getting the message across by introducing humour†¦so the audience can relax. † â€Å"As fundamental for the success of the sculpture as the accurate portrayal of her face would be the expression of her character through movement and gesture. We agreed that it was important not to replicate the gestures of any of the existing statues. She explained how she unobtrusively shifted her weight from one leg to another during a long speech to avoid fatigue and would turn towards her â€Å"own people†, the Opposition or Mr. Speaker in turn†. â€Å"She demonstrated this and a range of arm movements, and linked movements of the head and upper body as if she were giving just such a speech. She liked the idea of the sculpture â€Å"†¦just having papers in one hand, I think we will ruin things by having too much in. † The diamond brooch on her Above The wax sections are covered with layers of ceramic shell. This shell forms the mould when the wax is melted out and the narrow void filled with molten bronze (Photo: Antony Dufort) lapel was a special favourite. So was the bracelet of gold and semi-precious stones, given to her by her husband Denis, so that was included as well. † â€Å"Baroness Thatcher’s professionalism in sitting, friendliness, and willingness to be consulted and to analyse her appearance and ‘body language’ objectively was enormously helpful to me in developing the design and composition of the statue. † From material and information gathered during these sittings, the sculptor developed the portrait likeness and the animated composition of the statue. This shows Baroness Thatcher leaning slightly forwards. She supports herself mostly on her right leg, with her left leg lightly flexed. This in turn raises the left heel slightly from the ground. She is ‘making a point’ with her raised right hand and holds notes in her left. Her head is inclined gently to the right. Above Molten bronze at 1200 degrees centigrade is poured into the mould of the top section (head and shoulders) of the sculpture, 10 December 2006 (Photo: Antony Dufort) Committee Members Peter Ainsworth MP, Frank Doran MP, Hugo Swire MP (Chairman) and Anne Main MP visit Bronze Age Foundry in December 2006 to view the bronze cast of the head and shoulders emerging from the mould (Photo: Terry Moore) A choice from a series of three small preliminary maquettes presented by the sculptor, was made as the ‘design option’ for the half-size ‘working maquette’ by the Works of Art Committee in April 2005. This in turn was unanimously approved in early 2006, and work on enlarging to a scale of one and a quarter above life size began in the sculptor’s former Baptist Chapel Studio in Gloucestershire in February 2006. After eight months of continuous work, enlarging and then refining the detail and surface of the 7ft ft 4† clay model, moulds were made and taken to Bronze Age Foundry in London. Over the next three and a half months, under the sculptor’s constant supervision, the sculpture was cast, welded, fettled and patinated. After completion on the 9th February 2007, it was transported to the House of Commons and erected on the vacant stone plinth in Members’ Lobby, in readiness for the unveiling ceremony on the 21st February 2007. Antony Dufort with the wrapped statue as it passes the marble statue of Gladstone in Central Lobby (Photo: Matthew Tugwell) The statue is lifted onto the empty plinth in Members’ Lobby by Keith Baker, James Elliot and associates on 10th February 2007 (Photo: Matthew Tugwell)  © Parliamentary Copyright 2007 Designed and Printed by Print Services, Vote Office, House of Commons Back Cover Baroness Thatcher and Antony Dufort in Members’ Lobby after the installation of the statue on 10th February 2007 (Photo: Matthew Tugwell) How to cite Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Papers

Talent Management EMI

Question: Describe about the performing a critical assessment of the given case on talent management at EMI? Answer: Introduction Management of talent is an important human resource function that is required to be carried out by every kind of organisations. Human resources are highly crucial to an organisation because they are mainly responsible for carrying out the organisational tasks in leading it to higher level of success. It is therefore essential that there should be efficient management of talent that should be ensured so that higher level of success can finally become possible. The importance of managing talent is evident in respect to every kind of industry and with respect to music industry; the role of talent management is significantly higher and important. Talent is required in respect to every field and music industry also requires good artists that can take it to the higher level of growth and development. This case study analysis is focused towards performing a critical assessment of the given case on talent management at EMI. The focus of the analysis is mainly towards assessing the management of talent that has been considered across the organisation. The strategic importance of talent would be analysed and finally, the role of HR in the management and development of talent would be performed. Extent to Which Record Label Artists can be Described as Talent Music industry is an important industry in the field of entertainment. There are large number of important stakeholders that account for efficiently managing the music industry in particular. The music artist in particular is responsible for recording and releasing music whereas the record label is considered as the brand or trademark which is associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. The role of record label artists is crucial in the performance of the entire music industry. This is mainly because the record label artists mainly accounts for composition of songs which are then released through the important labels in such industry performance. The artists actually responsible for the composing, recording and releasing songs are likely to be the core of the entire industry. Without the music artists, it would be difficult for the music labels to perform in an efficient way. This indicates that the role of music label artists is significant to the overall per formance of such industry, and they are the important talents that are responsible for the overall growth and development of the music industry in particular (Wikstrm, 2014). The importance of record label artists can be identified from the given case on talent management at EMI. It has been evaluated in the case study that the inappropriate considerations of talent in respect to EMI have caused heavily to it. The case indicates that the acquired firm Terra Firma has considered the application of a strategy that is quite unpopular to managing record label artists. The strategy seems quite unpopular and this has resulted into the significant losses being suffered by EMI. This proves the importance of talent management and the role of record label artists in the music industry. Their active participation and commitment is essential to the growth and development of the entire firm. Thus, in terms of extent of categorising the record label as talent, it is assessed that they can be categorised as talent and their contribution is massive to the growth and success of the industry. The proper management of such record label artists in the given case of EMI could have resulted into a completely different result. Strategic Importance of Talent in the Given Case The selected case study on talent management at EMI has the sole purpose of critiquing the role and importance of talent within such industry. The strategic importance of talent has therefore been adequately explained in the given case study and it is evident from the various such examples that have been quoted by the author in the case. As for example, the first major example is evident from the decision of Terra Firm to appoint professionals that do not have knowledge about the performance of music industry in particular. The firm has appointed professionals that are not from the music industry background and this has resulted into adverse overall performance of EMI in particular. The firm suffered a loss and this is mainly attributed to the inappropriate management of talent that has been considered at EMI after acquisition (Dyson, 2013). This insufficient talent is evident in respect to the management process of artists as performed whereby they were treated as assets. Strategies such as downsizing of artists are applied with a view to perform the management of EMI and this has resulted into severe level of issues to ensuring the proper management of the firm. This discussion is made in the case study with a view to emphasise the importance of talents. A critical analysis of the given case study also indicates that the most popular artists such as Coldplay were thinking of leaving the label and by February 2011, the artists such as the Rolling Stones, and ex-Beatle Sir Paul McCartney had all left EMI. Their decision of leaving the label has put EMI into the situation of massive losses. This is the best example quoted in the case study that explains that there has been strategic importance of talent in respect to music industry in particular. The declining performance of EMI and its subsequent losses as suffered has r esulted into the exit of David Bowie whose contract with EMI was due to expire. This shows the strategic importance of talent whereby the performance of the firm has started declining and the music artists have started eliminating their names with EMI (Taylor, 2002). The case study indicated that talents are highly important in respect to every kinds of organisations and in the given case study organisation, the collapse of EMI in the form of its acquisition is mainly because of the fact that the talents are not given adequate level of importance. The success of any firm is highly dependent on the talents that are actually responsible for running the organisation. As a result, proper management of such talents is essential from the view of achieving organisational goals. This aspect has not given adequate level of importance in EMI and they are just considered as assets. They are not given proper respect and importance for which they are liable and this has contributed in an adverse manner towards the overall reputation and importance of the firm (Appleton and Yankelevits, 2013). Overall, the case describes that the strategic importance of talent has been described to a greater level in it. Role of HR in Managing and Developing Talent The Human Resource (HR) manager of an organisation is crucial to the efficient functioning of the business and this is applicable in respect to every kinds of business. Human resources manager are concerned with attracting resources and developing and retaining them so that they can contribute in an efficient way towards enhanced level of organisational performance. In respect to the music industry as well, the role of HR manager is crucial in the management of artists and retaining them with a particular label. As in the given case study, it has been identified that the management of human resources was not carried out properly. The importance of artists and their role in the industry was completely ignored and this has been the major factor that has given rise to the inefficient performance of business activities. There are employees being hired at EMI from different industry and they do not have experience of the music industry in particular. This is a clear indication of the fact that efficient HR management practices are lacking within the industry (Biron, Christiansen, Kuvaas and Farndale, 2012). The role of HR is important in respect to music industry for the purpose of developing talents. They could establish policies and procedures to tie ups with great music artists and offer them good opportunities to associate with the music label as maintained by their company. Music artists are the crucial stakeholder to the performance of the entire organisation, and it is essential that there should be proper relationship that should be maintained with them. This is essential because a smooth relationship would allow for efficiently handling their association with the firm, and any kinds of issues or difficulties could be addressed in a better way. This has been the key factor to efficient performing of such companies. The role of HR manager in this context is crucial because they can ensure the management of positive relations with all the artists and could encourage them to contribute positively towards the efficient performance of the label (Tschmuck, 2012). It is not only the management of music artists but the HR manager is responsible for the management of different important functional areas with a view to support the core offerings of the firm. By managing different organisational departments in an efficient way, they could ensure the smooth functioning of the core business processes. The employees at business affairs department, legal department, art department, marketing department, new media department and also the artist development department could be efficiently handled by the HR managers of the organisation. They can ensure the supply of relevant resources as needed in performing the management of such music business in particular. Artist development is crucial to the efficient performance of a music firm because it is their composition and releases that helps in building a brand (Lussier, 2011). An important role of HR manager in the organisation is career planning whereby they plan the career of their employees. This has been an important motivational strategy in performing the development of talent within organisation. The HR manager can therefore ensure the development of talent in music firms by way of overseeing the career planning of the artists that have signed to the label. Although the technical knowledge about music might not be there with the HR manager, but they could collaborate with the Artist Development Department of the company and could account for better development of talent by way of framing efficient career planning strategies and policies (Scullion and Collings, 2011). Overall, the analysis as carried out above has indicated the role of HR manager in respect to a music development company has been significantly higher. However, the HR manager in the context of given firm has not performed efficiently and the resulting impact is therefore evident in terms of inefficient performance of EMI. Even, it has been identified that the lack of appropriate policies in managing the employees has also contributed adversely to sustaining highly efficient artists, as there are majority of the music artists that have started eliminating themselves from the EMI label. This indicates that the successful management and retention of talent was not given adequate importance and this has caused significant level of negativity to the overall performance of EMI. The resulting impact was evident in the form of higher turnover rates of artists associated with the brand (Gary, 2010). Conclusion In this case study analysis, a critical evaluation has been carried out with respect to the given case of talent management at EMI and the conduct of analysis has revealed findings that that the record label artists can be described as talent to a greater level. The analysis has indicated that record label artists have the great potential and they could account for leading the entire organisation to higher success levels. The importance of talent has been identified as significantly higher from the case analysis as carried out. The analysis has also resulted into the identification that the case highlights about the importance of strategic talent in respect to such industry to a greater level. There are various such instances that have been described in the case and they have given a clear indication that the inefficient management of talent would lead to the collapse of the entire organisation. As a result, the strategic importance of managing talent has been identified as significa ntly higher. Finally, the role of HR manager in managing and developing talent within the music firm has been analysed, and it is evaluated that their role has been significantly higher, as they could tie up with different departments which could ensure the positive level of development and retention of talent across the organisation. HR References Appleton, D. and Yankelevits, D. (2013), Hollywood Dealmaking: Negotiating Talent Agreements for Film, TV and New Media, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Biron, M., Christiansen, L.C., Kuvaas, B. and Farndale, E. (2012), Global Human Resource Management Casebook, Taylor Francis. Collings, D.G., Wood, G.T. and Caligiuri, P. (2014), The Routledge Companion to International Human Resource Management, Taylor Francis. Dyson, J.P. (2013), The MusicSocket.com Music Industry Directory 2014, JPA Dyson. Gary, D. (2010), Fundamentals of Human Resource Management: Content, Competencies And Applications, Pearson Education. Lussier, R.N. (2011), Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. 5th Ed. Cengage Learning. Scullion, H. and Collings, D.G. (2011), Global Talent Management, Taylor Francis. Tschmuck, P. (2012), Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry, Springer Science Business Media. Taylor, S. (2002), People Resourcing, CIPD Publishing. Wikstrm, P. (2014), The Music Industry: Music in the Cloud, John Wiley Sons.

How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance Essay Example

How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance Paper An Inspector Calls is a typical play of the late 19th/early 20th century period. It explores in depth what hides behind the respectable front of a middle class family. This type of play was most probably written originally for the working class. I do not think it would have gone down very well with the middle class because the play uncovers the unpleasant truths of combining too much money with lots of free time. This results in controversial behaviour consisting of drunkenness, adultery and theft which are all portrayed in An Inspector Calls. An audience would enjoy An Inspector Calls because seeing the elite of society having their reputation and lives disgraced would fill them with gratification that money and power does not always bring happiness. It would also make the audience be grateful for what they have, even if it is just a simple, honest life. Generally, people watching this play in theatre would probably feel sorrow for the family and especially characters like Sheila and Eric who were obviously very shaken up by the whole ordeal. The story reflects, to an extent a melancholy atmosphere and I feel an audience would probably become very understanding and show compassion for the characters. This would be brought out more in the theatre because the atmosphere is charged and the audience is allowed to let their emotions run free. At the beginning of the play the family are all in a pleasant frame of mind. They are all in evening dress, which signifies they are all of middle class- [Act 1 scene directions] All five are in evening dress of the period. The family members are very sure of themselves and act confidently around each other at the beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How would an audience respond to An Inspector Calls in performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Birlings and Gerald are drinking port and are taking advantage of having their parlourmaid, Edna, on hand- Giving us the port, Edna? . The audience will gain from this the impression that the Birlings are rather dependent on their servants. There is an excited atmosphere at the beginning of the play due to the engagement of Gerald and Sheila. This would reflect upon the audience, making them eager to see what lies in the future for the family. When Birling starts to talk about a possible merge with Crofts Limited the audience realizes that he is very enthusiastic about his business and is also quite selfish because even though he makes out the most important thing is the happiness of Gerald and Sheila, he is just interested in making a profit with a business merge. The audiences opinion of him will deteriorate even more when they hear the way he treated Eva Smith. The theatre would bring out these opinions and feelings because the actors are much more interactive with the audience than in a film. The theatre, depending on the play encourages the audience to become involved. When the inspector enters, he treats the family with the respect a middle class family deserves, for example Thank you sir. Yes, sir. Only recently transferred and Id like some information, if you dont mind, Mr. Birling. This will make the audience think he is a typical inspector of the period, and greatly conceals what is to come. As the story progresses the inspector becomes more and more commanding, for example [massively taking charge] Allow me, Miss Birling. Cutting in] Isnt he used to drinking? and [cutting in, with authority] He must wait his turn. The audience may be a little startled by the tone the inspector is taking with the family, and may suspect an imposter as the Birlings do towards the end after being informed by Gerald. Personally I did not suspect the inspector being anything other than what he appeared as. For the actors who are playing major parts such as Birling and Inspector Goole remembering all the lines can be hard. People enjoy and prefer the theatre because they are seeing the actors at their best. In a film if an actor forgets his lines then that section can be cut and then another take can be filmed, however in a theatre there is no going back so the actors must be on top form. This is often a main reason for why people go to the theatre. As the play draws to an end the audience will realize that the inspector is some sort of phantom or voice of the familys conscience [Rather savagely, to Birling] you started it. But just remember this. You mean you stole the money? These are all good examples of the inspector prodding the consciences of the family. In fact most of the inspectors statements and questions are imposing, and reveal the guilty conscience of the family. I think J. B. Priestley intentionally made the inspector sound more commanding as the family became more guilty and conscious of what they had done. As the family became more nervous about what would happen to their reputation and got more scared their conscience got harsher on them. When the family becomes more unhappy and depressed I feel the audience would reflect the same feelings. This relates to what J. B. Priestley said- You cannot be happy when you are surrounded by people who are unhappy. J. B. Priestleys language is a mixture of the real at the beginning and the supernatural as the play draws to an end. When the family begins to realize they have all crossed paths with Eva Smith the element of supernatural is interlaced with the action. At this point the audience would find the actors extremely exciting to watch because this is when the plot thickens. The tense, thrilling portrayal of the characters situation is one of the main reasons to why people go to the theatre. I think the audience would be quick to pick up the mystical twist, however I feel the end is extremely unpredictable. This is a good style to use in writing and shows J. B. Priestleys skill in stagecraft because as the play progresses the audience will probably feel that what is to come is rather predictable, until the Birlings discover the inspector had disappeared. This part is extremely effective because it would leave the twist in the audiences mind long after the curtain falls. Birlings ambition to be a respected social role model, a prosperous businessman and to finally receive a knighthood for all of his hard work on behalf of the local council drives him to all extremes. His hopes for his business is to keep the wages he is paying his employees as low as possible so that he can hold competitive prices and gain as much profit as possible. Unfortunately Eva Smith was a strong willed young lady whom stood up for her rights and revolted against Birlings preposterous wages. This was not wise and due to Birlings headstrong outlook on life he refused her proposal for higher wages and had her sacked with the attitude that many women would give their right arm for her job. This careless attitude was what started Eva Smith off with her long line of failure and depression. Birlings ambition gets in the way of him being a good father and a traditional family man. This results in his family acting very dysfunctional. The audience would gain the impression from his pompous, selfish attitude that he is an extremely disrespectful, bitter and poor father. One of the messages of the story is that private behaviour can have public consequences. The audience would notice that the familys horrible, disrespectful behaviour drove Eva Smith to suicide. Each member knew nothing of each others involvement with the victim until their conscience pricked them. They realized their reputation would be damaged after they received the phone call off the genuine police officer. I feel J. B. Priestley intended this message to be conveyed so that the upper and middle classes would pay more consideration to others and be more careful not to affect anyone as Eva Smith was. This message can be portrayed on stage because the emotion is happening there and then and is not recorded as in films. I believe J. B. Priestley wrote An Inspector Calls to make a plea for a change in human nature and society. By basing the story around a snobbish middle class family, Priestley was allowed to go to great lengths in making the family sound purposely abrupt and disrespectful to others. They sometimes went too far in their blatant disregard for others, however this was intentional by Priestley because no other characters could be too shallow or obnoxious to enforce his point that people are fast becoming unsociable. Priestley uses the inspector to convey his messages. When the inspector says Youre offering money at the wrong time. This was Priestleys way in saying that once you make a mistake and recognize what you have done wrong, you should try to put matters straight before the chance is lost, as with Birling. J. B. Priestleys play presents the audience with a fascinating study of guilt and innocence, and prejudice and hypocrisy. The sharply-defined characters of the Birling family and Gerald Croft, the enigmatic and puzzling figure of Inspector Goole and the shadowy figure in the background of Eva Smith would never fail to engage the audience and make them realize that peoples standards need to be improved before it is too late. Sheila and Eric are obviously much more shocked by the part they played in Eva Smiths suicide than the rest of the family. J. B. Priestley may have purposely highlighted the two younger characters in the play to convey his point that the younger generation must try to be apply a more moralistic and civil attitude to life as Sheila and Eric did towards the end, otherwise the future that lies ahead is going to be quite disenchanting. This is meant to appeal to the younger or more optimistic members of the audience. The hidden message might also be interpreted differently. The audience may feel that the play reflects a brighter future for the younger generation. The message is also another sign of J. B. Priestleys skill in writing for it deals with a serious matter involving the future generation. J. B. Priestley wrote the play in 1945, however the play is set in the year 1912. In my opinion I think he could see that the youth had changed since 1912 and maybe wanted to show how different Sheila and Eric were in 1912 compared to the youth in the year the play was written. This message would also apply to the youth of today. At the beginning of An Inspector Calls, Birling is as usual giving his opinion of where Britain is heading. And were in for a time of steadily increasing prosperity. He feels Britain is heading for a period of relative social and economic stability. Little does he know, Britain was about to be launched into world war one. It is ironic that the audience knows what is to happen to the country before any of the characters do. This makes the play almost comical in stages because Birling is constantly enforcing his views on future prosperity and likes to believe he is right when in fact the audience knows he will soon be sinking into recession. The good thing about telling a story that is set before a major event such as world war one is that the audience is instantly given extra background information on the surroundings in which the story is set. I find this would help because people genuinely respond better to subjects they already know a little about. So the audience would be able to immerse themselves into the play more easily. The play seems to suggest that the lower classes will never succeed when coming up against bigger fish. This refers to how Eva Smith was treated by all the members in the Birling family and Gerald Croft. She was sacked due to Birling and Sheila. She was used by Eric and turned away in her hour of need by Mrs. Birling. Gerald also used her for his mistress and even though he had sincere feelings for her, she still knew they could never continue their relationship due to the circumstances so this also contributed to messing up her life. Once the audience had seen the way Eva Smith had been treated they would have felt very bitter towards the Birlings and Gerald and incredibly sorry for Eva Smith who had had her life torn apart. This would have made the audience feel sad for Eva and maybe for Sheila and Eric who had recognized what they had done wrong and shown genuine guilt because of it. The end of the play where most of the characters were either feeling sorry for themselves or miserable about what they had done would reflect on the audience and they would also feel quite upset by the whole scenario. This backs up J. B. Priestleys statement You cannot be happy when you are surrounded by people who are unhappy.

Word Choice Adapt vs Adopt - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Word Choice Adapt vs Adopt Word Choice: Adapt vs. Adopt There are many English words which are spelled similarly but have completely different meanings. The words adapt and adopt, for instance, are separated by a single vowel in terms of spelling but differ significantly in use. In cases like this, it is important to use each word properly. Doing so will help you to avoid easily preventable mistakes and ensure that you communicate your ideas clearly. As such, we’ve prepared the following guide to help you know when to adapt and when to adopt. Adapt (Change to Suit a Specific Purpose) The term â€Å"adapt† means to make something suitable for a specific situation or purpose. You might therefore want to â€Å"adapt† a novel into a film or a recipe to make it gluten-free. It can also refer to the ability to adjust to new circumstances: Being able to adapt was important for survival in the jungle. In either case, â€Å"adapt† refers to making an adjustment of some kind. Adopt (Make Ones Own) The word â€Å"adopt† means to take something on as one’s own. There are numerous contexts in which this can be used, including taking on the legal responsibilities of a parent: Jenny and Jane decided to adopt the orphan child. However, adopt can also be used more broadly to describe following a course of action or appropriating an idea. For example: After reading de Saussure, Kim adopted a structuralist approach. In both cases, the key to understanding â€Å"adopt† is that someone is choosing to make something their own. Adapt or Adopt? Since these words have very different meanings, the main thing is remembering how each one is spelled. If you are having trouble with this, you might want to focus on just one of the words: if you remember that â€Å"adapt† is spelled with an â€Å"a† and means â€Å"to change,† you will then know that â€Å"adopt† (with an â€Å"o†) means to appropriate something as one’s own. But it can be easy to overlook these things, so to make sure that your writing is free from unfortunate mistakes, you can send academic papers, business reports or any other document you might need checking to the expert proofreaders at Proofed. We’ll even check a 500-word sample for free! And if you need more guidance on vocabulary, don’t forget to check out the word choice archive in our academic blog.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Case Study Example The theory proposed a model that showed human development in five stages which covered up to the age of eighteen years and more stages ahead into adulthood. In relation to the observed behaviors, it is possible to correlate the stages of psychosocial theory with some of the observed behaviors. According to this theory, perfect completion of each of these stages results in a healthy and successful personality. The theory holds that the first stage is a stage of trust versus mistrust .He suggested that in this stage a child develops a great sense of trust in the events around him if care accorded to the child is sufficient (McLeod, 2012). This type of behavior was observed in Eunice in the first category of age groups who kept clinging to her mother’s dress. The second stage is characterized by autonomy, doubt and shame .This is an indication that the child is developing physically and also developing some form of independence. Eunice showed this behavior again as she walked away from her mother but came back later. The third stage is characterized by initiative where children assert themselves. This was observed in Michael at age of six as he plans activities to make games (David, Shaffer, & Kipp, 2009). The next stage involves competence where children begin to feel industrious and highly confident as they crave to achieve their objectives. This behavior was well observed in Catherine who fell in the age group of between six to twelve years. The fourth stage depicts identity and at times confusion .It is the most sensitive in a human life as one tries to realize him or herself both sexually and occupationally .It is accompanied by confusion which later subsides as one realizes who they are. The fifth stage is characterized by intimacy. It occurs during the age bracket of eighteen to forty years. It is characterized by long term relationships with

Nutrition and Performance Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nutrition and Performance Final - Essay Example Combined with the intake of Vitamin D, the two minerals enhance the development of the bone marrow. The bone marrow forms the basic and primary ‘factory’ of bones. Sufficient intake of the above minerals and vitamins prevent, and, in most instances delay, such bone-related diseases like osteoporosis (Insel 635). Nutritionists and dieticians always drive home the point of practicing proper nutrient intake in young children. The development of the brain counts on the proper intake and balancing of fatty acids, more so the omega type (Nordqvist, blog). As such, the potential of the brain to take part in activities acquires a solid foundation. Further, the later capabilities of the brain get enhanced with the daily intake of the above fatty acids. Nutrition based on low intake of both cholesterol and low fats every day reduces the chances of attacks by heart diseases. It occurs as common knowledge that the high intake of fats fosters the development of heart-related diseases. What has remained in the background involves the tedious procedure the body undergoes in fat digestion and absorption. Therefore, the understanding of the effects of fats and cholesterol early in life, and the implementation of low-fat nutrition reduces heart-related diseases later in life. The make-up of carbohydrates consists of atoms of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in specific quantities (Insel 146). The major classifications of carbohydrates include monosaccharaides, polysaccharides and disaccharides. The nutritional importance of a given saccharide depends on its complexity, which determines time taken for digestion and absorption. The required intake of carbohydrates per gram of food ingested lies at about four kilocalories. Carbohydrates break down to release energy for body use (Insel 147). They can also spike the level of blood sugar. The chemical combination of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Creating the Best Workplaces on Earth Research Paper

Creating the Best Workplaces on Earth - Research Paper Example rted Google as a privately owned company but due to the need of expansion from more capital input, Google became a publicly owned organization on August 19, 2004. They however have a combined 14 percent shareholding in the company and have a great deal of power in determining who leads the company. Google has had its mission statement as â€Å"To organize all the information in the world in a way that it becomes accessible and relevant globally (Google Inc, par. 3).† Most of the internet related products we use every day come from Google. For example, the World’s largest search engine is Google; it gives scholars the opportunity to explore the world of information and knowledge. Through the search engine, I can find out more about Google. The next major product is the online mail processor, Gmail. Gmail gives a world’s majority the opportunity to receive detailed and even short messages from any part of the world. Google Drive enables you to save your documents online for later use; it enhances the security of your documents. Google + is a social network service where every individual with a Gmail account can connect to other people in other parts of the world. Google is the leading producer of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome browsing software. The G-Talk online communication tool gives me the chance to send messages and call friends all the time provided I have a connection to the internet. Google has collab orated with other telecommunication companies in the production of sate of the art devices such as the Nexus; produced in collaboration with Motorola. You-Tube, owned by Google, is the primary source of internet videos. Here are some surprising facts to show how important Google is in the world. In a single day, the company provides answers to over one billion requests through over a million servers. The company also provides over twenty- five petabytes of data in every 24 hours. Their website, www.google.com has the highest number

Challenges of Health Promotion

Challenges of Health Promotion There is a very diverse range of the meaning of health between different groups of people. How a person will define what health means to them will depend on a number of factors. Arguably the most influential of these factors are; age, sex, socio-economic status, social class, location and culture. It is now recognised that there are 5 distinct dimensions of health; physical, emotional, spiritual, social and mental. The World Health Organisation (1948) defined health as as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Kelleher (1991) says that for some people being healthy means being happy, for others it may be an expectation of living for a long time, while others may see it as an exclusion of illness. These definitions of health may be influenced by personal experience of illness, however some may see it as simply just being able to cope and go about their daily lives without interference. Generally the most dominant definition of health is merely seen as an absence of illness, often described as a negative definition. Downie et al (1990) say that negative definitions of health can be linked to perceptions of what is abnormal, unwanted or incapacitating. Age is a very important factor in determining how someone defines health, as those of a younger age group will mainly focus on the physical aspects of health such as fitness and diet. Generally however, as people age they place more emphasis on the emotional and spiritual aspects of health. This shows that social factors are a very big determinant of how someone will define health. A lot of podiatry work involves working with various people to improve their health for example keeping them mobile and alleviate painful symptoms due to some form of fraility, illness or disability. This may include short term treatments or long term care may be required. The definition of health has also changed over time, for example the Ancient Greeks believed that illness was caused by an imbalance in the humours (bodily fluids). In contrast in Victorian times, illness was seen as the will of God, a more spiritual take on the concept of health. There are three models relating to the concept of health; the Biomedical model emphasises health in terms of biological processes of the body. In contrast the Social model of health asserts that in addition to physical dimensions of health, other dimensions must be considered including the persons social and economic circumstances. It considered the person as a whole living within a social context (Blaxter 2004). The Biopsychosocial model takes the aspects of the previous two models and combines them. It is the dynamic interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences of health, however it focuses more on the individual rather than the social structures surrounding them. In the 1800s and 1900s the focus was on the provision of a healthy environment which included adequate housing and sanitation and the provision of safe food and water. With developments in medical science the emphasis has shifted to preventative medical services e.g. vaccines, immunisation and encouraging people to make healthy choices. This reflects the shift from communical diseases to lifestyle related diseases e.g. cancer. There are two approaches to health promotion: a preventative approach and an empowerment approach. Glanz, Rimer Lewis (2002) assert that the central concern of health education is health behaviour. This means that peoples lifestyles play a significant role in the development and management of disease and through various measures we can encourage people to make healthy choices. In 1975 Marc Lalonde published a report entitled A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians in which he argued there are 4 main causes of illness, namely: Inadequacies in current health services, lifestyle or behavioural factors, environmental pollution and physical characteristics. The Ottawa Charter (1986) outlines the five principal elements of health promotion as; Conducive public policy, supportive environments, community participation, personal skills and the reorientation of health services to allow people to make well informed, healthy choices. Conducive policy refers to the importance of Government policy in general, and not just in health policy, in promoting health. The second element is the provision of supportive environments. This refers to the importance of having healthy physical environments such as in the home, at school, work and in public places. The community participation element of health promotion consists of involving communities and special interest groups, e.g. the elderly, women, people with disabilities and travellers, in identifying their own health needs and developing services appropriate to these needs. The final element of health promotion is the reorientation of health services towards services which are concerned with health promotion, protection and disease prevention. This involves shifting the emphasis in health services to primary health care e.g. providing screening services and health checks within a community. Ewles and Simnett (1999) list the following activities that could be seen as health promotion practices; Mass media advertising, campaigns on health issues, patient education, self-help groups environmental safety measures, public policy issues, health education about physical health, preventative medical procedures, codes of practice on health issues, health enhancing facilities in local communities, workplace health policies and health and social education for young people in schools. Ewles and Simnett (2003) also identify approaches to health promotion. These all flow from a particular set of aims which hope to be achieved. They emphasise that no one aim or approach to health promotion is right but that it is important for us, as health care workers to consider which is appropriate for us, and relevant to our work. However one of the most important factors is educating people, to allow them to make informed, healthy choices. The first of approaches is medical or preventitive. The aim of this approach is to gain freedom from medically defined disease and disability e.g. cancer. This could be achieved through screening, immunisation and early detection. This approach has been highly successful but tends to reinforce a negative definition of health.

Life :: essays research papers

A boy comes of age in an Italian-American neighborhood in the Bronx. His father gives him a piece of advice: "Nothing is more tragic than a wasted talent." A street-corner gangster gives him another piece of advice: "Nobody really cares." These pieces of advice seem contradictory, but the boy finds that they make a nice fit. The kid, whose name is Calogero but who is called C, idolizes Sonny. He likes the way Sonny exercises a quiet authority, and talks with his hands, and dresses well. When C is 17, he goes to work for Sonny, against his father's wishes. And in the year when most of the film is set, he learns lessons that he will use all of his life. "A Bronx Tale" was written for the stage by Palminteri, who plays Sonny with a calm grace in the film, but was Calogero in real life. There have been a lot of movies about neighborhood Mafiosos (Martin Scorsese's "Goodfellas" was the best), but this movie isn't like the others. It doesn't tell some dumb story about how the bus driver and the mobster have to shoot each other, or about how C is the hostage in a tug of war. It's about two men with some experience of life, who love this kid and want to help him out. Lorenzo, the bus driver, gives sound advice: "You want to see a real hero? Look at a guy who gets up in the morning and goes off to work and supports his family. That's heroism." But Sonny gives sound advice, too. One of the things he tells C is that you cannot live your life on the basis of what other people think you should do, because when the chips are down, nobody really cares. You're giving them a power they don't really have. That sounds like deep thinking for a guy who hangs on the corner and runs a numbers racket, but Son ny, as played by Palminteri, is a complex, lonely character, who might have been a priest or a philosopher had not life called him to the vocation of neighborhood boss. Nine year-old Calogero (Francis Capra) is the streetwise son of Lorenzo Anello (Robert De Niro), a bus driver who takes pride in his work ethic and expects to instill the same values in his son. Calagero, however, is in awe of the local mob boss, Sonny (Chazz Palminteri), and when Calogero keeps his mouth shut after witnessing Sonny do a hit, the boy is taken under Sonny's wing and shown the ways of the wiseguys.

Sociology and People

Hannah Wisnewski Period 4 Sociology Mr. Taylor Essays for Test 1. Clarify how folkways, mores, and laws vary in importance within American society. Give examples of each. Their importance of folkways, mores and laws within American society is that, in combination, they help maintain a civil society. Folkways are rules or standards that cover ways of thinking, feeling, and behavior but lack moral overtones. Folkways are socially accepted however not morally significant. They are norms for everyday behavior that people follow for the sake of tradition.But if the folkway is broken there is no moral or legal consequence. Folkways in the United States consist of supporting school activities, speaking to other students in the hall, and if male, removing hats in church. In society today we find people who always wear shorts with a suit or who talk loudly odd but society doesn’t consider them immoral. However if someone has obnoxious behavior at a party after excessive drinking can br ing in strong negative reactions from others. Mores are strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior. Mores deal with morality which is the right and wrong.Mores are norms of great moral significance. Conformity to mores conveys strong social approval whereas violation conveys strong disapproval. Following folkways is generally a matter of personal choice; though conformity to mores is a social requirement. An example of a more would be if someone attends church in the nude, s/he would offend most people of that culture and be morally shunned. Laws are norms that are formally defined and enforced by officials. Folkways and mores emerge together slowly and unconsciously created whereas laws were created and enforced.Mores are an important source for laws, for instant at one point the norm against murder hadn’t been written down. Then society advanced and the norm against murder became formally defined and enforced. Folkways can lead into and become mores or laws. An ex ample of a law is smoking. Up until the 1970’s smoking when mounting health convinced many people that smoking should be limited or banned in public places. As society developed, many states picked up the law against smoking in airports, government buildings, restaurants, and other open general public places. . Which theory of deviance best explains why people do deviant acts? Why? Which theory does not explain why people do deviant acts? Why? I think the control theory best explains why people do deviant acts because they conform to social norms depends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society. Social bonds control the behavior of people and thus preventing deviant acts. Most people do not conform since they do not want to â€Å"lose face† with family, friends, or classmates. Control theory is broken into 4 parts first and foremost attachment.This is when an individual has strong attachment to groups or other individuals. Next is commitment whic h is great commitment to goal the more likely a person would be to conform. The commitment is greater than the commitment of people who do not believe they can compete within the system. Next in the four is involvement which is participation in approved social activities increases the probability of conformity. Besides positively focusing an individual’s time and energy and the participation p connects contact with valuable opinions.Last is belief in norms and values of society promotes conformity. This belief appropriateness for the rules of social life strengthens peoples resolve no to deviate from those norms. I think the strain theory does not explain why people do deviant acts because it is merely a hypothesis of Durkheim’s concept of anomie, whereas control is the social bonds controlling the behavior of people. There are four parts to the strain theory, first is innovation which an individual accepts the goal of success but uses illegal means to achieve it this is the most obvious type of deviant response.An example of innovation is robbery, drug dealing and other criminal acts. Next is ritualism where the individual rejects the goal but continues to use the legitimate means. This is where people go through the motions without really believing the process. This could be a teacher going through daily lessons however not caring about the way the students turn out. Retreatism is a deviant response in which both the legitimate means and the approved goals are rejected.Alcoholics and drug addicts are retreatists, thus meaning they are not successful nor seek to be successful. Rebellion is people who both reject success and the approved means for achieving it. However at the same time they additionally add a new set of goals and means. Some of the militia group members demonstrate this response. However they live alone to pursue the goal of changing society by doing deviant things, such as creating their own currency, deliberately violating gun laws, and threatening violent behavior against law enforcement. . America’s prisons are at a crisis. Explain how bad the prison problem has become. What are some alternatives to prison? How would you solve the prison crisis? The problem with the prisons is that they have become increasingly over populated. Some alternatives to prison are a combination of prison and probation which a mixed or split sentence known as shock probation which is designed to shock offenders into recognizing the realities of prison life. Prisoner’s serve part of their sentence in an institution and rest on probation.Another alternative is a community-based program. These programs are designed to reintroduce criminals into society. At this time the prisoners will have the opportunity to become part of society however under professional guidance and supervision. The next alternative is diversion strategy which is aimed at preventing, or greatly reducing the offender’s involvement in the c riminal justice system. This alternative involves a referral to a community-based treatment program rather than a prison or a probationary program.If I could solve the prison crisis personally I would just build more prisons out in the middle of nowhere so I can keep everyone safe and protected. I feel like if an individual is in prison for something they have done then they deserve to be there away from society. Personally I don’t feel like going from prison to prohibition really does much because who’s to say they will not commit crime again? Maybe this time even worse than the last because the individual (criminal) could want revenge.

buy custom Difference between T-1 and ISDN Technologies essay

buy custom Difference between T-1 and ISDN Technologies essay T-1 and ISDN are service lines, which support telecommunication equipments and phone systems that, provide voice and data services (Shepler, 2003). T-1 differs greatly from ISDN, in terms of circuit configuration. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is divided into two levels, in which, voice and data can be sent and received in a single fiber-optic cable. These levels are BRI and PRI (Shepler, 2003). BRI (Basic Rate Interface) is the most common level, whose data or voice transmission speeds are low. It therefore supports residential and small businesses data and voice needs. On the other hand, PRI (Primary Rate Interface) transmits data and voice at very high speeds. It is usually carried in T-1 trunk lines whereby, it divides T-1 digital signal into 24 different channels. PRI is suitable for large businesses and large institutions, which have large data and voice requirements (Shepler, 2003). T-1 service, which is actually more of hardware than a service, is used to support PRI service in ISDN (Shepler, 2003). This support involves helping PRI to deliver data and voice services to different locations. A single T-1 line consists of 24 channels. The channels can be used separately: each with its own purpose, or in combination. For instance, all the 24 channels can be used to deliver individual telephone threads, bandwidth for data networks, or internet connection to a given location. Alternatively, the 24 channels may be split into two groups, either to deliver data or voice, in any combination. When used to deliver bandwidth data networks, each T-1 thread is capable of transmitting data at a speed of 64 Kilobytes per second. This means that, a T-1 line, which is fully dedicated to data delivery, is capable of transmitting data at a speed of 1.54 Megabytes per second (Shepler, 2003). Buy custom Difference between T-1 and ISDN Technologies essay

Pepsico Essays - Food And Drink, Patent Medicines, Frito-Lay

Pepsico Essays - Food And Drink, Patent Medicines, Frito-Lay Pepsico pepsico 1. Introduction: 1 What is PEPSICO? 1 Brief History of PEPSICO 1 Business Segments 1 Frito-Lay 1 Pepsi-Cola Company 2 Tropicana 3 2. Company Analysis: 4 External Analysis 4 PEST Analysis: 4 Porters Diamond: 5 Five Forces 8 Internal Analysis 9 Porters Value Chain 9 Boston Consulting Group 12 Financial Analysis 13 SWOT 14 Strength 14 Weakness 14 Opportunities 14 Threats 15 3. Conclusions 15 Marketing 15 General 15 4. Recommendations 16 Bibliography 17 Appendix 17 Appendix I 17 Appendix II 17 Appendix III 17 Appendix IV 17 Appendix V 17 Appendix VI 17 1. Introduction: What is PEPSICO? PepsiCo is one of the most successful beverage and snack food business in the world. The company consist of: Frito Lay Co., Pepsi-Cola Co., and Tropicana Products. Brief History of PEPSICO PepsiCo was funded in 1965 by Donald M. Kendall Pepsi-Cola president, and Herman W. Lay, president of Frito-Lay. Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, N.C. pharmacist, created pepsi-Cola in 1890. Frito-Lay, Inc. was formed by the 1961 merger of the Frito Company, founded by Elmer Doolin in 1932, and the H. W. Lay Company, founded by Herman W. Lay, also in 1932. In 1998 PepsiCo acquires Tropicana Products from Seagram Company Ltd. Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. Business Segments Frito-Lay Frito-Lay, Inc was funded in 1961, by merging of The Frito Company and H.W. Lay Company. Today, Frito-Lay brands account for 40% of the world, snack chip industry, and 56% of the U.S. industry. Often, Frito-Lay Company products are known by local names (Matutano in Spain, Walkers in the United Kingdom and others.) Major Frito-Lay Company products: - Lay's Potato Chips - Baked Lay's Potato Chips - Ruffles Potato Chips - Doritos Tortilla Chips - Tostitos Tortilla Chips - Baked Tostitos - Santitas Tortilla Chips - Fritos Corn Chips - Cheetos Cheese Flavoured Snacks - Rold Gold Pretzels - Funyons Onion Flavoured Rings - Sun chips Multigrain Snacks - Cracker Jacks - Chester's Popcorn - Grandma's Cookies - Munchos Potato Chips - Smart food Popcorn - Baken-ets Fried Pork Skins - Frito-Lay Dips & Salsa - Sabritas Potato Chips - 3D's - Smiths Potato Crisps - Walkers Potato Crisps Pepsi-Cola Company Caleb Bradham founded pepsi-Cola in 1890. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-Cola products account for nearly one-third of total soft drink sales in the United States, a consumer market totalling about $58 billion. Outside the United States, Pepsi-Cola beverages are available in about 160 countries. Today Pepsi-Cola products account for about a quarter of all soft drinks sold internationally. The company has also established operations in the emerging markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Russia, where Pepsi-Cola was the first U.S. consumer product to be marketed. Pepsi-Cola provides advertising, marketing, sales and promotional support to Pepsi-Cola bottlers and food service customers. This includes some of the world's best and most recognized advertising. New advertising and exciting promotions keep Pepsi-Cola brands young. Pepsi-Cola Company products: - Pepsi-Cola - Diet Pepsi - Pepsi One - Mountain Dew - Slice - Mug Root Beer - Mug Crme - All Sport - Lipton Teas (Partnership) - Aquafina Water - Frappuccino Coffee Drink - Mirinda - 7UP (outside the U.S. only) - Fruit Works - Pepsi Max Tropicana Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. The company entered the concentrate orange juice business in 1949, registering Tropicana as a tra demark. In 1954 Rossi pioneered a pasteurisation process for orange juice. For the first time, consumers could enjoy the taste of pure not-from-concentrate 100% Florida orange juice in a ready-to-serve package. The company went public in 1957, was purchased by Beatrice Foods Co. in 1978, acquired by Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in 1986 and sold to The Seagram Company Ltd. in 1988. Seagram purchased the Dole global juice business in 1995. PepsiCo acquired Tropicana, including the Dole juice business, in August 1998. Today, Tropicana is the world's largest marketer and producer of branded juices with products available in 50 countries worldwide. Tropicana products: - Tropicana Pure Premium - Tropicana Season's Best - Dole Juices - Tropicana Twister. - Hitchcock - Looza - Copella. 2. Company Analysis: External Analysis PEST Analysis: The Pest Analysis identifies the political, economical, social a technological influences on an organization.

Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy Research Paper

Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy - Research Paper Example Working Principles of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are microscopes, which produce sample images by scanning the samples using a beam of focused electrons. The focused beam of electrons interacts with electrons within the sample to produce differing signal strengths that can be detected by a secondary electron detector. The focused electrons hit the sample surface, where they either get reflected as back-scattered electrons (BSE) due to inelastic scattering or cause an emission of electrons from the sample surface as secondary electrons (SE) due to elastic scattering (Lyman, 1990). The SE are emitted from the k-orbitals of the sample once the electrons in the beam hit them in a strong enough way that displaces them from the orbital. Both BSE and SE show different properties of the sample material, which commonly includes composition and topography (Boyes, 2000). The focused beam of electrons is scanned by raster scanning and position of the b eam is combined with the signal from the BSE and SE to develop an image. This type of microscopic observation can attain resolutions that are better than a nanometer. The focused beam used in SEM is produced by thermionic means from an electron gun consisting of a cathode made of tungsten. Tungsten is preferable because of its relatively lower vapor pressure and high melting point. Additionally, it is cost-effective because it is relatively cheap. The produced beam passes through two lenses that focus it onto the specimen. The energy of the beam ranges from 0.2 keV to 40 keV depending on the design of the microscope. The focus offers a spot diameter of approximately 0.4 nanometers to 5 nanometers (Joy & Carolyn, 1996). On reaching the final lenses in the column the beam is deflected by a pair of deflecting plates, which deflect it in two planes (X, Y planes) so as to create a raster scan area that is rectangular over the sample’s surface (Asmar et al., 2004). The interaction of beam electrons and the sample make the electrons lose energy through repeated random scattering, which occurs near the surface or much deeper depending on the projection energy in keV. This interaction volume from which energy is released in form of electrons to create the image is known as the interaction volume. The interaction volume is determined by the landing energy of the electrons from the projected beam as well as density and atomic number of the material under observation as the sample. Technically, the differences between HVEM and LVEM are a result of differences in landing energy determined by the electron accelerating voltage. The acquired signals are detected and amplified to develop images. The differences of detected signals are represented by variations in brightness on the visual display. The resultant image is thus a representative of electron energy emitted from the sample’s surface through inelastic and elastic scattering. The Unique Nature of Low volt age scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) According to Joy and Carolyn (1996), even prior to practical use of scanning electron microscopes, it had been recognized that scanning at low electron accelerating voltage (

Your vision of leadership (Double Weighted) Assignment

Your vision of leadership (Double Weighted) - Assignment Example Various theories of leadership have been developed, and various styles of leadership have been embraced. There are various theories and models of leadership that have been formulated. It has also been evidenced that individuals portray various leadership styles (Choosing the Right Approach for the Situation, 2015). In fact, great leaders are able to combine the various styles of leadership to achieve their objectives and set targets. Naturalist theory of leadership establishes that leaders are born (Leadership theories, leadership models and leadership principles, 2015). According to the theory, the traits of a great leader can be seen from the early years of development of a child. The children do not need to acquire any special form of training to make admirable leaders in the society. Going through the theory, memories of my childhood flash through my mind. I remember instances where I would allocate duties to my siblings who were older than me. I would mobilize friends and neighbors to do general clean-up activities in the homestead. I would like to be a transformational leader. Transformational leadership is mostly applicable to the business environment. The traits that put transformational leaders above others are their high level of integrity, empathy, and humility. Their problem-solving skills coupled with conflict resolution techniques highly boost the growth of the enterprises they work in. They set precise goals and are able to motivate other employees who share in his beliefs (Leadership Styles, 2015). Transformational leaders are immensely productive. Jack Welch, a retired Chief Executive Officer of General Electric, was a leader of great valor. He is a result-oriented individual, who through his zeal and effort caused the rapid growth of the firm. I get inspired by his stories of how he turned the company around. He inspires me be to be more and achieve greater results. The school of

A Study of Relationship Marketing on Customer Satisfaction Research Paper

A Study of Relationship Marketing on Customer Satisfaction - Research Paper Example Approach The study has been conducted on the basis of secondary resources. The research works of different authors have been analysed for performing present a research work on this topic. The paper compiles many research works already undertaken in this area (references given below). Results Such a study has provided us a detailed explanation on the impact of relationship management in maintaining customer satisfaction. The various strategies that have been adopted by the organizations are found to be highly significant for running the organisation successfully. Outcomes obtained through researches show that the application of the concept of relationship marketing in the organization helps in maintaining a healthy customer relation. The company will be enjoying a better position and be more confident with the fact that old customers have been retained. Satisfaction and Trust are the two main pillars of the organizations. Researchers have always emphasized upon the fact that building up strong customer relationships as well as its sustenance plays a key role in the company’s growth and prosperity. Thus it can be said that that the stress laid on customer satisfaction under relationship management forms an essential ingredient for marketing a product. Conclusion The aim of the firms should be to lure consumers by adopting a particular kind of behaviour or attitude. This will encourage an ongoing reciprocal interaction between the customer and the product, service or business concerned parties. This method of building relation has been highlighted throughout the paper in the process of buying and selling. Discussion Marketing has acquired a new dimension through such a revolutionary concept of relationship marketing. It has given much importance to the fact of maintaining good relation with the customers and providing them products according to their preference. In this process the procedure of firms and its strategies of increasing sales by satisfying customers came under the limelight. Effective strategies would surely assure a better stand to the firm in front of stakeholders. A Study of Relationship Marketing on Customer Satisfaction Introduction Marketing is one of the key function and aggregation of processes in an organization aimed at creating and delivering values to the customers. It creates effective relationships with the customer besides successful communication on the behalf of the organization. This proves beneficial to the firms and stakeholders (Tuli & Bharadwaj, p.184). The paper illustrates how the concept of sharing with customers as a part of marketing strategy maximises customer satisfaction. A successful marketing strategy and appropriate management of relationships ensures that customers are retained. For that it is important to focus on the concept of personalization in marketing that will drive the commitment value to the customer(Ashley, Noble, Donthu and Lemon, 2011, p.754).Commitment is termed as a natural ingredient in businesses for manufacturing a product as well as for a service rendered(Liu, Guo and Lee, 2011, pp.71-72). Firms may take into account consumers’ complains as well as suggestions and work towards them as part of their commitment towards customers. The basic rule for m arketing a product is to provide the customers with the products and services best in the industry. This needs to be followed from the beginning to the end.